10-17% of Exam-SAQ's, LEQ's, DBQ
Unit 6 Learning Objective-Explain the historical context for the rise of industrial capitalism in the United States
Unit 6 Key Concepts-
Unit 6 Learning Objective-Explain the historical context for the rise of industrial capitalism in the United States
Unit 6 Key Concepts-
- Technological advances, large-scale production methods, and the opening of the new markets encouraged the rise of industrial capitalism in the United States.
- The migrations that accompanied industrialization transformed both urban and rural areas of the United States and caused dramatic social and cultural change.
- The Gilded Age produced new cultural and intellectual movements, public reform efforts, and political debates over economic and social policies.
Unit 6-Gilded Age
- Mark Twain called the late 19th century the "Gilded Age." By this, he meant that the period was glittering on the surface but corrupt underneath. In the popular view, the late 19th century was a period of greed and guile: of rapacious Robber Barons, unscrupulous speculators, and corporate buccaneers, of shady business practices, scandal-plagued politics, and vulgar display.
6.2, 6.3-Westward Expansion Economic, Social, and Cultural Development
AMSCO-p.319-321, 339-347
OpenStax p. 450-457, 522-527
OpenStax p. 450-457, 522-527
Possible LEQ--Evaluate the extent to which the Civil War fostered change in the United States economy in the period from 1861-1900.
Context-Westward Expansion, Civil War, and Gilded Age
Context-Westward Expansion, Civil War, and Gilded Age
Boomtowns-Short lived towns along trails and Railroads looking to strike it rich
Ghost towns-Towns abandoned after mineral wealth is gone
Ghost towns-Towns abandoned after mineral wealth is gone
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Railroad subsides-Government helped may for infrastructure plans to promote economic growth
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Why West Expands
- Homestead Act-Acres of land either through land grants or government infrastructure projects
- Railroads-Ocean to Ocean-->faster travel-->people and ideas get around
- Increased Immigration to west-->Farmers, Railroads workers, cattle raisers
- Mechanization-Makes possible to farm land that once might not have been possible
- Plow, Mechanical Reaper, Barbed Wire
- Fighting for Conservation and Preservation of resources-Unit 7
Flaws of Expanding West
- Discrimination of new Immigrants
- Irish, Southern Europeans-East
- Mexican and Chinese-West
- Native American Relations-Conflicts-->Labelled the "Indian Problem"
- Natives don't have property rights on territory. U.S. puts property rights in place
- With increase at technology larger farms become more popular
- Less smaller farms-->Urbanization
- Price decrease because of increase in supply but not demand
- Lack of care for environment--> Need for resources
Carlisle School Mission- To kill the Indian in order to save the man.
- Sent far away from home as so to not runaway
- Spent half their day working and half in school
- Many died of malnutrition and disease-Tuberculosis, Flu
6.4-The New South
AMSCO p. 347-350
OpenStax p. 500-502
OpenStax p. 500-502
South looks to redefine its cities but still continues
- Oppression
- Segregation
- Violence
Booker T. Washington
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W.E.B. Du Bois
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Debate-Why do you think these two different perspectives become so popularized during the Gilded Age?
Past LEQ-African American leaders have responded to racial discrimination in the United States in a variety of ways. Compare and contrast the goals and strategies of African American leaders in the 1890s–1920s with the goals and strategies of African American leaders in the 1950s–1960s.
6.5, 6.6-Technological Innovation and Rise of Industrial Capitalism in the Gilded Age
AMSCO p. 322-326
OpenStax p. 464-475
OpenStax p. 464-475
All Due to Technology Advancements
- Steel-Hundreds of Tons to Millions of Tons
- Oil-Kerosene
- Electricity-Cities become lit
- Communication-Telegraph, Telephone
- Transportation-Railroads
- Manufacturing-Large Scale
Gilded Age Business
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Business Goals
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Gilded Age Government and Economics
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Gilded Age Terms
Capitalism-Economic system which country’s trade and have private owners, not the government Monopoly- Exclusive possession or control of one commodity or service. No competition “Robber Baron”- Wealthy Businessman that exploits natural resources, corrupt legislators, and use any means necessary to get their rich. |
Vertical and Horizontal Integration-Monopoly
Individuals that Shaped the Gilded Age
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Trading Card Info
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- Make sure to explain on your trading card if they are a Captain of Industry or a Robber Baron based on the evidence you see
Gospel of Wealth- Andrew Carnegie
In the last few hundred years, there has been a revolution. There used to be very little difference between the way of life of a community's leaders and the ordinary people. Now, however, there is a tremendous difference between the palace of the millionaire and the cottage of the laborer.
But this change is really a very good thing. In fact, it's absolutely necessary for the progress of humanity because it is the rich who preserve the best literature and art and the other refinements of civilization.
Here's how to solve the problem of poverty: Don't pass any laws controlling either how businessmen make money or what they do with it. Most of the community's money will end up in the hands of a few men, but this is all right if these men consider themselves not a owners of the money but merely as temporary keepers of it. Because these men are wise they will be able to make good decisions about how to pend the money to help the community. In fact, their decisions will be better than those of the people of the community themselves
In the last few hundred years, there has been a revolution. There used to be very little difference between the way of life of a community's leaders and the ordinary people. Now, however, there is a tremendous difference between the palace of the millionaire and the cottage of the laborer.
But this change is really a very good thing. In fact, it's absolutely necessary for the progress of humanity because it is the rich who preserve the best literature and art and the other refinements of civilization.
Here's how to solve the problem of poverty: Don't pass any laws controlling either how businessmen make money or what they do with it. Most of the community's money will end up in the hands of a few men, but this is all right if these men consider themselves not a owners of the money but merely as temporary keepers of it. Because these men are wise they will be able to make good decisions about how to pend the money to help the community. In fact, their decisions will be better than those of the people of the community themselves
Robber or Titan
1. Carnegie donating hundreds of millions of dollars to various causes.
2. Hiring hit men to break up a strike of workers.
3. Loaning the U.S. Government money.
4. Forcing other companies out of business by lower your prices to the point other businesses cant compete.
5. Extorting and bribing individuals and companies by offering favors to influence decision making of businesses and government
6. Top 10% of Americans holding 75% of the wealth.
7. Making 25 million a year when the average worker at your factory made $400 a year.
1. Carnegie donating hundreds of millions of dollars to various causes.
2. Hiring hit men to break up a strike of workers.
3. Loaning the U.S. Government money.
4. Forcing other companies out of business by lower your prices to the point other businesses cant compete.
5. Extorting and bribing individuals and companies by offering favors to influence decision making of businesses and government
6. Top 10% of Americans holding 75% of the wealth.
7. Making 25 million a year when the average worker at your factory made $400 a year.
Gilded Age Takeaways
- America becomes the largest economy in the world
- Made Foreign goods more expansive
- Factory based economy
- New business strategies-Advertising
- Ruthless business-->Profits
- Social Darwinism-Survival of the Fittest-->Companies and Individuals
- Company owned
- Trusts-group of companies in control of particular industry
- Holding Companies- -> Stock
- Stratified distribution of wealth
- Government becomes very pro business
6.7-Labor in the Industrial Age
AMSCO p. 326-332
OpenStax p. 476-483
OpenStax p. 476-483
- Increased middle class and leisure time for management class
- Owning class gets richer and richer-->Not just for United States but for the World
- Working class-->struggles to gain more wealth or power during Gilded Age
- In Economic Panics of 1873, 1893 lower class is even harder hit based on change of wages, and costs of living
Reading Question
1. What does child labor really look like? How does this compare to growing up today?
1. What does child labor really look like? How does this compare to growing up today?
Labor Unions
American Federation of Labor-Bread and Butter
- Open about unionizing and realistic expectations
- Union of skilled workers
- Organization dedicated to collective bargaining and unionizing
- More Socialistic in approach
- Reduce hours, increase wages, and improve conditions
- Secret labor union
- Unite skilled and unskilled laborers together
- Organization campaigned for an eight-hour work day, the abolition of child labor, improved safety in factories, equal pay for men and women, and compensation for on-the-job injury.
Management Vocab
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Workers Vocab
Union Wants
Union Hows
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Discussion Questions
1. Why might Labor Unions gain so much popularity?
2. Why might have skilled labor unions be important?
3. Why might workers be hesitant to join Labor Unions?
4. Why might unskilled laborers not have same priority for labor unions
1. Why might Labor Unions gain so much popularity?
2. Why might have skilled labor unions be important?
3. Why might workers be hesitant to join Labor Unions?
4. Why might unskilled laborers not have same priority for labor unions
6.8, 6.9-Immigration and Migration and Responses to Immigration in the Gilded Age
AMSCO p. 360-364
OpenStax p. 492-499, 502-504
OpenStax p. 492-499, 502-504
Why Immigrate to U.S.-->Push and Pull Factors
Exodusters-African Americans fleeing South in order to seek Political and Economic Opportunity in the North, Midwest and West
Notes Questions
1. Provide a few ways migration of the 1880's compared to migration of the 1840's/1850's?
1. Provide a few ways migration of the 1880's compared to migration of the 1840's/1850's?
6.10, 6.11-Development of the Middle Class and Reform in the Gilded Age
AMSCO p. 365-372
OpenStax p. 483-486, 507-515
OpenStax p. 483-486, 507-515
- Owners-Upper Class
- Donation and Philanthropy class
- Top 1% owns 25% of wealth
- Gospel of Wealth(Carnegie)-Invest in society for the better of the many counters Robber Baron claim. Hard work pays off instead of public handouts.
- Managers-Middle Class-White Collar Job
- Wages rise, increase in leisure time and leisure activities
- American Dreamers
- Change makers and reformers
- Workers-Lower Class-Blue Collar Jobs
- Wages barely rising
- The Gilded Age begins having more utopian and socialism views
- Push for change-->Especially by women
- Push for education and opportunities to get to the middle class
Cult of Domesticity-True women” were supposed to possess four cardinal virtues: piety, purity, domesticity, and submissiveness.
Reforming Society in Gilded Age
- Wealth Stayed with Elites
- Poor Working Conditions
- Long Hours
- Low Pay
- Push for Socialism-Benefits of Community and Society. Arguing Capitalism failed
- Eugene Debs push For Socialism with Socialist Party but did not gain national appeal
- Social Gospel- People focusing on Christian principles need to be used to cured ills of society
- Middle Class focus on limiting poverty
Muckrakers-Journalists, writers, and photographers during the Gilded Age and into the Progressive Era
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Reading question
1. What were these journalist, writers, and photographers doing during the Gilded Age? |
Past to Present Connection- Issue effecting today society that you think need change and reform?
- What's the problem?
- What are some issues from the problem?
- What needs to change?
- What could be a helpful change?
6.12, 6.13-Controversies over the Role of Government and Politics of the Gilded Age
AMSCO p. 351-354, 364-365, 380-391
OpenStax p. 504-507, 528-544
OpenStax p. 504-507, 528-544
Panics of 1873-1893- Economic downturns of Business Cycles Expansion and Contraction
Sherman Anti Trust Act-Limiting Monopolies and add regulations
Sherman Anti Trust Act-Limiting Monopolies and add regulations
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Populist Party-People's Party
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Populism
Williams Jennings Bryan-Cross of Gold-Populist President Candidate
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Political Machines
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Unit 6 DBQ
DBQ 1-Evaluate the effects of industrialization on U.S. society between 1865-1900.
DBQ 2-Analyze the ways in which laboring-class Americans in the Gilded Age attempted to better their lives in the face of the power of big business and the federal government. Evaluate the degree of success.
DBQ 3-Historians characterized industrial and business leaders of the Gilded Age "robber barons," who used extreme methods to control and concentrate wealth and power. To what extent is that characterization justified based on the historical evidence?
DBQ 2-Analyze the ways in which laboring-class Americans in the Gilded Age attempted to better their lives in the face of the power of big business and the federal government. Evaluate the degree of success.
DBQ 3-Historians characterized industrial and business leaders of the Gilded Age "robber barons," who used extreme methods to control and concentrate wealth and power. To what extent is that characterization justified based on the historical evidence?
Unit 6 Review
AMSCO p. 403-417